202X/XX/XX*Cheng C, Chan A.O.O, Hui W.M, et al(2003). Coping strategies, illness perception, anxiety and depression of patients with idiopathic constipation: a population-based study. Aliment Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 18:319-326.糞便刺激直腸黏膜刺激盆神經脊髓腰骶段初級排便中樞大腦皮層︰便意結腸直腸收縮肛門內外括約肌舒張排便資料來源: www.synergis-educational-solutions.comwww.ahealthyme.com排便指令肛腸生理解剖圖排便困難排便次數減少大便乾硬心理性功能性器質性單純自覺症狀證實繼發於身體其他因素可能繼發於身體其他因素腸功能測試未見異常Malagelada JR. Gut feelings and movements: the challenging match between physiology and clinical expression. In: Krause G, Malagelada JR, Preuschoff U, Editors. Solvay Pharmaceuticals Conferences: functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Amsterdam, Netherlands:IOS Press; 2005. Drossman DA, Corazziari E, Delvaux M, et al., Editors. Rome III: The Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Ed. 3. McLean, VA: Degnon Assoc.; 2006. 大便形狀分類表（BRISTOL STOOL FORM SCALE ） 種類1 種類2 種類3 種類4 種類5種類乾硬便、成粒狀乾硬便、成條狀條狀大便、表面不平、稍乾條狀軟便、表面平滑軟便、偏爛大便稀爛、不成形 水樣便Ramkumar D(2005). Efficacy and safety of traditional medical therapies for chronic constipation: systematic review. American Journal of Gastroenterology. 100:936-971.Youssef N.N.(2004). Adolescent constipation: evaluation and management. Adolescent Medicine Clinics. Feb 15(1):37-52.Coremans G(2003). Prucalopride is effective in patients with severe chronic constipation in whom laxatives fail to provide adequate relief. Digestion. 67:82-89.Drossman DA(2000). Rome II : the functional gastrointestinal disorders : diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment : a multinational consensus. McLean, VA : Degnon Associates. P.388-391.星期0261018覆診12345病史紀錄排便習慣及症狀評估一般身體檢查( 量血壓、身高、體重等)中醫師跟進情況生活質素問卷調查化驗室檢查( 肝功能、腎功能)填寫排便日誌紀錄每日排便情況中藥治療8 周藥物治療放映结束！无悔无愧于昨天，丰硕殷实的今天，充满希望的明天。
